Mismatches from climate changes

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I drew this to illustrate another Forum paper for the scientific journal Oikos. Here is a summary of the study, “Why sex matters in phenological research” (by Nakazawa et al.):

As climate change shifts the timing of the seasons, it messes with different organisms in different ways—which can disrupt the way they interact. A predator might emerge before its prey does, for example, creating a trophic mismatch. Males and females of the same species can get out of whack, too, to the potential detriment of the next generation.

These Forum authors confront that idea of “sexual mismatch,” pointing out that males of many species gear up for mating before females do—or vice versa—as each sex responds differently to environmental cues. Their model shows that both sex-specific timing and trophic timing play important roles in the dynamics of a population.

But their literature reviews find that sex-specific information from the real world is scarce. Among other data limitations, studies of breeding cues tended to be male-biased for birds and mammals and female-biased for fish and insects. Notably, males had more variable timing than females for several species where the two sexes look different from each other—contrary to a conventional view that females are more likely to shift their timing.

Speculating that sexually dimorphic species may be especially vulnerable to a changing climate, the authors outline a more sex-conscious research agenda for the future (including collecting sex information during population monitoring, and using eDNA to gauge sex ratios) to better understand the ecological impacts of climate change.

Stone and Sea (and sketches for sale)

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This past winter, aka summer in the southern hemisphere, I returned to New Zealand (five years after my seabird adventures there) for a four-month project called Toka Tāiko.

Sandy Bay Dunes, 6x6" Watercolor

Toka means “rock” or “boulder” in te reo Māori, and this refers to one purpose of my trip: teaching sketching to a roving band of geology students from Carleton College. Tāiko is a word for seabird. Another purpose of the trip was to help seabird scientists with seabird research on seabird islands, picking up the threads from my project five years ago.

Between these two enterprises I covered a decent amount of ground (and water) from the Tongariro Alpine Crossing to the Southern Alps to the Mercury Islands, and was fortunate to steer clear of Cyclone Gabrielle along the way. Meanwhile, I did a whole lot of sketching. Which brings me to this news:

Original artwork for sale

I’m making a bunch of the original sketches from this trip available for sale. Check out available artwork here and use the “Inquire” button alongside any piece to ask questions or let me know of your interest. (For prints, visit here.)

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Matinicus Rock

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A few sketches from a few days on a seabird island 23 miles offshore from Rockland, Maine, with Audubon’s Seabird Institute. Featuring: Arctic terns, Atlantic puffins, black guillemots, razorbills, seals, bindweed flowers, bird blinds, granite, a lighthouse, scientist Gemma Clucas, John Drury’s lapstrake dory, and scenes from the Vinalhaven–Rockland ferry.